Glaucoma

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Glaucoma, a group of eye conditions characterized by damage to the optic nerve, is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. The most common type, open-angle glaucoma, develops gradually and often without symptoms until significant vision loss occurs. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for glaucoma, but other factors such as genetics, age, and certain medical conditions also play a role. Treatment options for glaucoma aim to lower intraocular pressure to prevent further damage to the optic nerve and preserve vision. These options include prescription eye drops, which either decrease fluid production in the eye or increase drainage, laser therapy such as selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) or laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) to improve fluid outflow, and surgical procedures like trabeculectomy or minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) to create alternative drainage pathways.

Early detection and regular monitoring are crucial for managing glaucoma effectively and preventing vision loss. Treatment plans are often tailored to individual needs, taking into account factors such as the severity of the condition, the patient's overall health, and their ability to adhere to treatment regimens. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy diet, managing systemic health conditions like diabetes or hypertension, and avoiding activities that increase intraocular pressure can complement medical and surgical interventions in managing glaucoma. Collaborative efforts between patients, eye care professionals, and healthcare providers are essential to optimize treatment outcomes and preserve vision in individuals with glaucoma.